switch statements are also used when we need our program to make a certain decision based on a condition and then execute accordingly.
Syntax :
switch (<variable>)
{
case a-constant-expression :
//Code to execute if <variable> == a-constant-expression
break;
case b-constant-expression :
//Code to execute if <variable> == b-constant-expression
break;
.
.
.
case n-constant-expression :
//Code to execute if <variable> == n-constant-expression
break;
default:
//Code to execute if <variable> does not equal the value following any of the cases
}
(We will learn about break keyword in looping statement section)
Example :
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int input;
cout<<"1. Play game\n";
cout<<"2. Load game\n";
cout<<"3. Play multi-player\n";
cout<<"4. Exit\n";
cout<<"Selection: ";
cin>>input;
cout<<"\n";
switch ( input )
{
case 1: //Note the colon, not a semicolon
cout<<"Play game called";
break;
case 2:
cout<<"Load game called";
break;
case 3:
cout<<"Play Multi-player game called";
break;
case 4:
cout<<"Thanks for playing!\n";
break;
default:
cout<<"Bad input, quitting!\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output :
1. Play game 2. Load game 3. Play multi-player 4. Exit Selection: 1 Play game called
Important points
- The default case is optional.
- case constant-expression can be int or char (no other datatypes are allowed).
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